What is a stress test electrocardiogram?
The stress test electrocardiogram (ECG), also known as the stress test, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that allows you to evaluate the cardiovascular system during exertion. That is, it consists of a continuous recording of the electrocardiogram accompanied by several blood pressure measurements during an effort defined by a doctor.
How is it carried out?
The examination is performed by applying electrodes to your chest that are then connected to the logger via wires. At the same time, a cuff is fitted to you for measuring blood pressure.
Then, the patient starts to be exerted through a treadmill (or less frequently on an exercise bike), which will progressively have its speed and inclination increased, according to a programmed protocol, while it is accompanied by the recording of the electrocardiogram and blood pressure.
The exam will be suspended when the intended objectives are achieved or if changes or symptoms appear that determine its interruption.
What is the use of the stress test electrocardiogram?
The stress test electrocardiogram allows the heart to be subjected to stress in order to show signs or symptoms that do not exist, or minimally exist, at rest. This happens as the effort increases with exercise and the body needs more oxygen, so the heart will have to pump more sangue.
Thus, this test can show:
- If the supply of the blood is reduced, as happens, for example, when there is disease of the arteries that suppress the heart (coronary heart disease)
- the functional capacity of each individual
- the level of exercise that is safe and appropriate for each
- the effectiveness of previously performed procedures to improve coronary artery circulation
In some types of arrhythmias, your doctor may also order this test to understand how your heart rhythm behaves during exertion.
Depending on the results of this test, your doctor may recommend other tests to better clarify the diagnosis of coronary heart disease or arrhythmia.
What are the risks associated with carrying it out?
This test is generally considered safe, especially since it is performed in a controlled environment under the supervision of a trained professional. The risk in doing so is comparable to that of any more vigorous effort.
Rarely, the following may occur:
- chest pain
- fainting
- acute myocardial infarction
- cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
Source: Portuguese Society of Cardiology