What is scarlet fever?
Scarlet fever is a very common benign disease in childhood, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus). It is usually associated with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, and also presents with a rash.
Is scarlet fever a contagious disease?
yes. The bacteria that cause scarlet fever are transmitted directly from person to person through the saliva or secretions from the nose of a person who has the bacteria.
What are the main symptoms of scarlet fever?
The disease usually manifests itself with:
It may also appear:
- swollen tongue and red like a strawberry or raspberry
- inflammation of the neck ganglia
- lighter red face around the lips
- headache
- goose bumps
- general malaise
- muscle aches and pains
- nausea
- Vomiting
The spots disappear around the seventh day and in the recovery period it is common to have peeling of the skin, especially on the tips of the fingers and toes.
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
Scarlet fever is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract and is therefore transmitted through contact with:
- respiratory droplets from people infected with the bacteria, mainly by coughing, sneezing, or talking, which are inhaled or land in the mouth, nose, or eyes of people who are nearby
- People who have the bacteria but don't have symptoms can also transmit it
What are the risk factors?
The risk of transmission increases with close contact with the infected person and in the presence of large groups of people in closed spaces, namely in schools and daycare centers.
What is the incubation period of the disease?
The incubation period is short, between 2 to 5 days. It's rarely longer.
How long should I stay at home?
The absence should be maintained until the fever subsides and, according to the current legislation, up to 24 hours after starting treatment.
How is scarlet fever diagnosed?
The diagnosis of this disease is made through the symptoms that the patient presents and by their observation. Testing the throat for bacteria may be considered.
What are the complications of scarlet fever?
Currently, there are already ways to treat scarlet fever effectively. Rarely, there may be some more serious complications:
- abscesses behind the pharynx (retropharyngeal) or near the tonsils (paratongdalins)
- rheumatic fever
- kidney problems (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)
Is it possible to prevent scarlet fever?
yes. There are simple gestures that prevent the transmission of scarlet fever, namely:
- Hand hygiene that involves regular and careful hand washing with soap and water, preferably without accessories (rings, bracelets, watches, etc.)
- Respiratory etiquette
- cover your mouth/nose with a handkerchief or arm when sneezing or coughing
- Do not sneeze/cough into your hands
- washing hands after coughing/sneezing
- Avoid sharing personal belongings and food
What is the treatment of scarlet fever?
Treatment of scarlet fever is aimed at the symptoms of the disease and includes taking medication.
Source: Directorate-General for Health (DGS)