What are the main health problems related to winter?
The flu is one of the major health problems that occurs in winter. It is an acute viral disease that mainly affects the respiratory tract. Influenza usually occurs between November and March, which is why it is called seasonal (related to the season). To combat increased flu activity, flu vaccination is recommended in people who are at higher risk of suffering complications from flu.
Are respiratory problems very common?
Respiratory problems are another common cold-related problem. People suffering from diagnosed respiratory problems (e.g. asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) should pay special attention to this time of increased flu activity, as they fall into the group of vulnerable people.
I have other health problems, can they get worse?
Yes, there may still be aggravation of existing problems, for example circulatory problems. In these cases, the cold can bring a greater load of stress to the heart, because combined with the contraction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) it can increase blood pressure causing heart attacks.
What are the main precautions we should take in winter?
In general, you should pay attention to three different aspects: nutrition, dehydration and thermal comfort. That is, you must:
- Prefer foods rich in nutrients to help the immune system fight infections and diseases characteristic of this season
- It is essential to maintain good hydration so that the body can replenish losses and avoid typical diseases of the season, such as diseases associated with the respiratory tract
- Clothing should adjust to the outside temperature, with special attention to the extremities – hands, feet and head
How do I adjust my behaviour to the temperature?
Depending on the outside temperature that is felt, you should take some precautions and take preventive measures:
- <0ºC – avoid going outside and exposing yourself to extreme cold
- 0ºC/5ºC – be careful of ice formation, as it can cause falls
- 5ºC/10ºC – prefer soups and hot drinks and wear gloves, scarf, hat to protect the extremities
- 10ºC/15ºC – wrap up warm and hydrate
What measures can be taken to prevent possible problems?
To prevent any problems:
- Be careful with sudden changes in temperature
- Dress like an onion, layered
- Protect your extremities from the cold – hands, feet and head
- Indoors, keep warm
- Choose comfortable, non-slip footwear to prevent falls and stumbles
- Facilitate air circulation and open windows periodically to improve air quality
- Ensure a smooth operation of the heating of the house
- keep the temperature of the house between 19ºC – 22ºC
- Avoid staying too close to heat sources
- Be on the lookout for cold warnings
- Stay active by performing controlled physical activity
- Eat fruit and vegetables every day
- Even if you're not thirsty, drink fluids throughout the day
- Eat multiple meals throughout the day
- Avoid alcoholic beverages
- If you have to take medication, follow the recommended instructions
I got sick, now what?
- call SNS 24 – 808242424 – and get advice according to your symptoms
- In case of emergency call 112
- Avoid entering and staying in closed places with a large concentration of people, where viruses, in particular, the flu, are transmitted
- Avoid close contact with others
- Follow respiratory etiquette:
- Wash your hands frequently or use wipes
- When you cough or sneeze, protect your mouth with a tissue or your elbow. Do not use your hands
- Use tissues and throw them in the trash
Source: Health Literacy Library