What is pinworm infection?
Pinworm infection is an intestinal infestation caused by the worm Enterobius vermicularis.
What is a pinworm?
Pinworm is a worm that is normally found in the human intestine and is eliminated along with the faeces, and can also be carried in the urine. This parasite is characterized by its cylindrical shape, white in color with a size ranging from 2.5 to 12 millimeters.
What are the symptoms of pinworm infection?
Most of those infected have no symptoms or signs, but some do:
- pruritus/itching in the anus and surrounding skin, including the genitals, especially at night and during the night
- restless sleep
- insomnia/difficulty falling asleep
How is pinworm infection transmitted?
Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route:
- person-to-person, through the sharing of objects, food and clothing previously contaminated by the sick person
- From the eggs that are in the anus to someone else's mouth
- accidental ingestion of pinworm eggs through contaminated food or drink
- by the contact of the hands with contaminated objects, which are later taken to the mouth
Once ingested, the eggs hatch (hatch) in the intestine and become adult worms within about 1 month.
What are the risk groups for pinworm infection?
Pinworm infection is more common in:
- School and preschool children
- institutionalised people, e.g. in nursing homes
- cohabitants of infected people
What are the complications of pinworm infection?
Typically, a pinworm infection does not cause serious problems. However, at a more advanced stage, the infection can give rise to:
- urinary tract infection
- vaginitis – inflammation of the vagina
- endometritis – inflammation of the endometrium (tissue that lines the inside of the uterus)
- Weight Loss
- abdominal pain
How can I prevent this infection?
Good hygiene is the best way to prevent pinworm contamination. You should maintain the following habits:
- wash your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet or changing diapers and before handling food,
- Do not put your hands or fingers in your mouth
- make individual use and frequent washing of personal linen and bedding
Reinfection is common, so these precautions should be taken into account, especially if you live with an infected person.
How is pinworm infection diagnosed?
The diagnosis of the infection is made through:
- A test, called the "tape test" and which consists of applying an adhesive tape to the perianal area to check for eggs or adult worms
- Direct observation of the worms in the region around the anus
What is the treatment for pinworm infection?
Pinworm infection is treated by taking medication to eliminate the worms. The infected person must be treated, and treatment is usually also indicated in household contacts or caregivers.
Source: Directorate-General for Health (DGS)